计算机是由硬件系统（hardware system）和软件系统（software system）两部分组成的。
A computer is composed of two parts: a hardware system and a software system.
传统电脑系统的硬件单元一般可分为输入单元、输出单元、算术逻辑单元、控制单元及记忆单元，其中算术逻辑单元和控制单元合称中央处理单元（Center Processing Unit,CPU）。
The
hardware units of traditional computer systems can generally be divided
into input units, output units, arithmetic logic units, control units,
and memory units, where arithmetic logic units and control units are
collectively referred to as the Center Processing Unit (CPU).
配置参数
configuration parameter
所谓软件是指为方便使用计算机和提高使用效率而组织的程序以及用于开发、使用和维护的有关文档。软件系统可分为系统软件和应用软件两大类。
The
so-called software refers to programs organized for the convenience of
using computers and improving efficiency, as well as relevant documents
for development, use, and maintenance. Software systems can be divided
into two categories: system software and application software.
1.系统软件
1. System software
系统软件System
software,由一组控制计算机系统并管理其资源的程序组成，其主要功能包括：启动计算机，存储、加载和执行应用程序，对文件进行排序、检索，将程序语言翻译成机器语言等。实际上，系统软件可以看作用户与计算机的接口，它为应用软件和用户提供了控制、访问硬件的手段，这些功能主要由操作系统完成。此外，编译系统和各种工具软件也属此类，它们从另一方面辅助用户使用计算机。下面分别介绍它们的功能。
System
software is a set of programs that control a computer system and manage
its resources. Its main functions include: starting the computer,
storing, loading, and executing application programs, sorting and
retrieving files, and translating program language into machine
language. In fact, system software can be seen as the interface between
users and computers, providing application software and users with means
to control and access hardware. These functions are mainly completed by
the operating system. In addition, compilation systems and various tool
software also belong to this category, which assist users in using
computers from another perspective. Below are their respective
functions.
